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Lehigh Catalogue Description for EECS

Professors. Bruce D. Fritchman, Ph.D. (Lehigh), department chair; Frank H. Hielscher, Ph.D. (Illinois) associate chair; Donald J. Hillman, Ph.D. (Cambridge, England), head of computer science division; D. Richard Decker, Ph.D. (Lehigh), Electrical Engineering division head; Terrance E. Boult, Ph.D. (Columbia); Demetrios Christodoulides, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins); Douglas R. Frey, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Samuel L. Gulden, M.A. (Princeton); Miltiadis Hatalis, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon); Carl S. Holzinger, Ph.D. (Lehigh); James C. M. Hwang, Ph.D. (Cornell); Edwin J. Kay, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Weiping Li, Ph.D. (Stanford); Alastair D. McAulay, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon), Chandler-Weaver professor; Roger N. Nagel, Ph.D. (Maryland), Harvey E. Wagner professor of manufacturing systems engineering; Kenneth K. Tzeng, Ph.D. (Illinois); Marvin H. White, Ph.D. (Ohio State), Sherman Fairchild professor of electrical engineering;

Associate professors. Glenn D. Blank, Ph.D. (Wisconsin-Madison); Rick S. Blum, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania); Karl H. Norian, Ph.D. (Imperial College, London); Meghanad D. Wagh, Ph.D. (I.I.T., Bombay), computer engineering division head.

Assistant professors. Christine Hofmeister, Ph.D. (Maryland); G. Drew Kessler, Ph.D. (Georgia Institute of Technology); William Pottenger, Ph.D. (Illinois); Michael J. Schulte, Ph.D. (Texas-Austin); Aylin Yener, Ph.D. (Rutgers);

Adjunct Lecturers. Stephen G. Corbesero, M.S. (Lehigh).

Systems Manager. Stephen G. Corbesero, M.S. (Lehigh).

Emeritus professors. John J. Karakash, Eng.D. (Hon.) (Lehigh) ; Robert F. Barnes, Ph.D. (Berkeley); Nikolai Eberhardt, Ph.D. (Munich, Germany); Ralph J. Jaccodine, Ph.D. (Notre Dame); Arthur I. Larky, Ph.D. (Stanford); Daniel Leenov, Ph.D. (Chicago); John J. O'Connor, Ph.D. (Columbia); Gerhard Rayna, Ph.D. (Princeton); Donald L. Talhelm, M.S. (Lehigh); Eric D. Thompson , Ph.D. (M.I.T.); Lawrence J. Varnerin, Ph.D. (M.I.T.); Donald R. Young, Ph.D. (M.I.T.).

About the Department

The department of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) offers undergraduate and graduate programs of study along with supporting research for students interested in the fields of electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Lehigh University offers a bachelor of science degree from the College of Engineering and Applied Science in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science, and it offers the bachelor of science and bachelor of arts degree with a major in computer science from the College of Arts and Science. A minor in computer science is available except for students in the department.

Graduate study leads to the degrees master of science, master of engineering, and doctor of philosophy in electrical engineering, the master of science in computer engineering, and to the degrees master of science and doctor of philosophy in computer science.

While each of the programs has its unique attributes, Lehigh's programs exploit the growing interrelationship among electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. For example, a new computer system which may encompass fundamental algorithmic development, innovative architecture and logic design, and very large scale integrated circuit design and fabrication requires the expertise of individuals knowledgeable across the spectrum.

The undergraduate programs emphasize the fundamental aspects of their respective areas. Engineering design concepts are introduced early in the curriculum, and required instructional laboratories introduce design as a hands-on activity. Electives permit the student to tailor his program according to his interests and goals, whether they be in preparation for graduate study or entry into industry. Students are free to select courses offered by other departments and are encouraged to do so when appropriate. In this way they can prepare themselves for activities which straddle departmental boundaries or for entry into professional schools such as medicine or management. Students have the opportunity to synthesize and apply their knowledge in a senior design project. Students may use the senior design project as a way to participate in the various research projects of the department.

The department maintains a number of laboratories in support of its curricular programs. These laboratories the sophomore laboratory, junior electronics circuits laboratory, microcomputer laboratory, electromechanics laboratory, lightwave laboratory, digital signal processing laboratory, parallel computing laboratory, and the digital systems laboratory. The department has research laboratories in artificial intelligence, computer architectures; design and computing systems; electron device physics; microelectronics fabrication; microwave monolithic circuits; microwave and VLSI measurements. These laboratories are described more completely in the departmental graduate brochure. These laboratories, among others, are available for undergraduate projects.

The graduate programs allow students to deepen their professional knowledge, understanding, and capability within their subspecialties. The thesis is regarded as an essential and important ingredient of these programs. Each graduate student develops a program of study in consultation with his or her graduate advisor.

Key research thrust areas in the department :

  1. Silicon and gallium arsenide microelectronics, VLSI architectures, optoelectronics.
  2. Signal processing, optical data communication and networking, error-control coding.
  3. Computer vision, object oriented software, multimedia, AI and natural languages, parallel and distributed processing.
Graduate research is encouraged in these and other areas.

Computers and computer usage are an essential part of the student's environment. The university provides a distributed network of more than 125 IBM RS/6000 high-performance workstations and over 300 PC-compatible microcomputers in public sites throughout the campus. The EECS department has state-of-the-art systems to augment and extend the generally available Computer Center (LUCC) systems. The primary department resource is a network of more than 20 Sun Sparc workstations, file servers, and compute servers, running the UNIX operating system. With over 30 gigabytes of storage, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and accelerated graphics, these systems provide an array of software tools for our students and researchers including programming languages (C, C++, Pascal, FORTRAN, ...), software development tools, software and hardware simulators, and electronic computer aided design packages. In addition to the workstations, the department maintains a collection of PC- compatible microcomputers for EECS students, including a set of machines which can be dedicated to hardware/software projects. The department also provides various application specific systems, including multimedia stations with sound and video capture and generation capabilities, and a 64 node multiprocessor transputer for parallel processing instruction and research. The workstations and microcomputers are connected via multiple high-speed ethernet and fiber optic networks, which are in turn connected to the university's backbone network, the Pennsylvania Research and Economic Partnership Network (PREPNET), and the Internet. Students are not required by the department nor the university to own a personal computer, but many find such a tool a valuable asset.

Recommended Sequence of Courses

A detailed description of the curricular programs follows with a listing of the required courses and with a listing of the departmental course offerings. The departmental courses carry the prefixes CSc for computer science and ECE for electrical and computer engineering. The student is urged to search in both listings for courses appropriate to his/her career goal.

Please note that the pages referenced refer to the 1996-97 Lehigh University catalog.

Undergraduate Programs

Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Arts

Minor in Computer Science

Graduate Program


Departmental Courses

Courses are listed under the prefixes CSc and ECE. Generally, electrical engineering courses carry the ECE prefix and computer science courses carry the CSc prefix. Computer Engineering courses are likely to be found under either prefix. The reader is urged to consult both listings in online form.

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

The required courses for this degree contain the fundamentals of linear circuits, systems and control theory, electronic circuits, signal theory, physical electronics, electromagnetic theory, energy conversion, digital systems, and computing techniques. A strong foundation in the physical sciences and in mathematics is required. Approved electives, chosen with the advisor's consent, are selected in preparation for graduate study or entry into industry according to individual interests. The program totals 134 credit hours. The recommended sequence of courses follows:

freshman year (see page 33)

sophomore year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)
  • ECE 81 Principles of Electrical Engineering (4)
  • Phy 21, 22 Introductory Physics II and Laboratory II (5)
  • Math 23 Analytic Geometry and Calculus III (4)

sophomore year, second semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 82 Sophomore Laboratory (1)
  • ECE 108 Signals and Systems (4)
  • Math 205 Linear Methods (3)
  • Eco 11 or 12 Economics (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • approved technical elective* (3)


junior year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 121 Electronic Circuits Laboratory (2)
  • ECE 123 Electronic Circuits (3)
  • ECE 125 Circuits and Systems (3)
  • Math 208 Complex Variables (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • free elective (3)

junior year, second semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 126 Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices (3)
  • ECE 136 Electromechanics (3)
  • ECE 138 Digital Systems Laboratory (2)
  • ECE 202 Introduction to Electromagnetics (3)
  • Math 231 Probability and Statistics (3)
  • free elective (3)


senior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

  • ECE 111 Proseminar (1)
  • ECE 251 Senior Project I (2)
  • ECE 203 Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • approved technical electives* (6)
  • free elective (3)

senior year, second semester (18 credit hours)

  • approved technical electives* (12)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • free elective (3)

*Approved technical electives are subjects predominantly in the area of science and technology. They are not restricted to offerings in the department of computer science and electrical engineering. Students must choose at least one elective in either materials, mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics or physical chemistry, and at least one elective in physics, chemistry, biology or earth and environmental sciences. For students interested in solid-state electronics, quantum mechanics is recommended.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

The required courses for this degree contain the fundamentals of electronic circuits, signal theory, logic design, computer architecture, structured programming, data structures, software engineering, discrete mathematics, and numerical analysis. A strong foundation in the physical sciences and in mathematics is required. Approved technical electives, chosen with the advisor's consent, are selected in preparation for graduate study or entry into industry according to individual interests. The program totals 136 credit hours. The recommended sequence of courses follows:

freshman year (see page 33)

sophomore year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 81 Principles of Electrical Engineering (4)
  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)
  • Phy 21, 22 Introductory Physics II and Laboratory II (5)
  • Math 23 Analytic Geometry and Calculus III (4)

sophomore year, second semester (19 credit hours)

  • CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (4)
  • ECE 82 Sophomore Laboratory (1)
  • ECE 108 Signals and Systems (4)
  • Eco 1 Economics (4)
  • Math 205 Linear Methods (3)
  • HSS elective (3)


junior year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • ECE 121 Electronic Circuits Laboratory (2)
  • ECE 123 Electronic Circuits (3)
  • CSc 262 Programming Languages (3)
  • Math 231 Probability and Statistics (3) or
  • Math 309 Theory of Probability (3)
  • approved technical elective* (3)
  • free elective (3)

junior year, second semester (17 credit hours)


senior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

  • ECE 111 Proseminar (1)
  • ECE 251 Senior Project I (2)
  • ECE 319 Digital System Design (3)
  • CSc 303 Operating System Design (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • approved technical elective* (3)
  • free elective (3)

senior year, second semester (18 credit hours)

  • approved technical electives* (12)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • free elective (3)

*Approved technical electives are subjects in the area of science and technology. They are not restricted to offerings in the department of computer science and electrical engineering. One elective must be an engineering science elective from another department.

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

Two degree programs are available to students through either the College of Arts and Science or the College of Engineering and Applied Science. The program offered by the College of Engineering and Applied Science is accredited by the Computer Science Accreditation Board, Inc. The two programs are identical in the fundamental requirements in mathematics and computer science, and the programs are appropriate for entry into management or industrial positions and for continued graduate study. The programs differ in that the students must fulfill the distribution requirements of the respective college. The result of this difference is that the Arts and Science program requires 127 credit hours whereas the College of Engineering and Applied Science program requires 132 credit hours. Students with interests in management, finance, data processing, and information handling may find the Arts and Science College program more appropriate and students with interests in engineering and science applications may find the Engineering and Applied Science College program more appropriate.

The required courses for the degrees contain the fundamentals of discrete mathematics, structured programming, algorithms, computer architectures, compiler design, operating systems, and programming languages. A strong foundation in mathematics is required. The recommended sequence of courses is as follows:

College of Arts and Science

See page 33 for the distribution requirements of the College of Arts & Science

freshman year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • Engl 1 Composition and Literature (3)
  • Math 21 Analytic Geometry and Calculus I (4)
  • CSc 11 Introduction to Computing (4)
  • distribution (6)

freshman year, second semester (17 credit hours)

  • Engl 2 Composition and Literature: Fiction, Drama, Poetry (3)
  • Math 22 Analytic Geometry and Calculus II (4)
  • CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (4)
  • distribution (6)


sophomore year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • Math 23 Analytic Geometry and Calculus III (4)
  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)
  • distribution (9)

sophomore year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • Math 205 Linear Methods (3)
  • ECE 216 Software Engineering (3)
  • CSc 109 Systems Programming (3)
  • approved technical electives* (3)
  • distribution (3)


junior year, first semester (15 credit hours)

  • Math 231 Probability and Statistics (3)
  • CSc 209 Assembly Language Programming (3)
  • CSc 261 Discrete Structures (3)
  • approved technical elective* (6)

junior year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • CSc 262 Programming Languages (3)
  • CSc 340 Design and Analysis of Algorithms (3)
  • ECE 201 Computer Architecture (3)
  • distribution (3)
  • approved technical electives* (3)


senior year, first semester (16 credit hours)

  • Math 230 Numerical Methods (3) or
  • Engr 250 Computer Modeling of Scientific & Engineering Systems (3)
  • CSc 303 Operating System Design (3)
  • CSc 318 Automata & Formal Grammars (3)
  • ECE 111 Proseminar (1)
  • approved technical electives* (3)
  • distribution (3)

senior year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • CSc 302 Compiler Design (3)
  • approved technical electives* (9)
  • distribution (3)

*Approved technical electives are chosen by the student, with the approval of the major advisor, to support the professional objectives of the student. The approved elective choices must : a two semester sequence of laboratory science courses acceptable for majors in the field of the courses selected.

College of Engineering and Applied Science

freshman year (see page 45)

sophomore year, first semester (17 credit hours)

  • Math 23 Analytic Geometry and Calculus III (4)
  • Phy 21, 22 Introductory Physics II and Laboratory (5)
  • CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (4)
  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)

sophomore year, second semester (16 credit hours)

  • Math 205 Linear Methods (3)
  • ECE 81 Principles of Electrical Engineering (4)
  • ECE 216 Software Engineering (3)
  • CSc 109 Systems Programming (3)
  • Eco 11 or 12 Economics (3)


junior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

  • Math 231 Probability and Statistics (3) or
  • Math 309 Theory of Probability (3)
  • CSc 209 Assembly Language Programming (3)
  • CSc 261 Discrete Structures (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • free elective (3)
  • approved technical electives* (3)

junior year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • ECE 201 Computer Architecture (3)
  • CSc 262 Programming Languages (3)
  • CSc 340 Design and Analysis of Algorithms (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • approved technical elective* (3)


senior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

  • Math 230 Numerical Methods (3) or
    Engr 250 Computer Modeling of Scientific and Engineering Systems (3)
  • ECE 111 Proseminar (1)
  • ECE 251 Senior Project I (2)
  • CSc 303 Operating System Design (3)
  • CSc 318 Automatic & Formal Grammars (3)
  • HSS elective (3)
  • free elective (3)

senior year, second semester (18 credit hours)

  • CSc 302 Compiler Design (3)
  • ECE 316 Microcomputer System Design (3)
  • HSS elective (6)
  • approved technical elective* (6)

*Approved technical electives are chosen by the student, with the approval of the major advisor, to support the professional objectives of the student.

Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science

This program of 121 credit hours is for students who desire a strong liberal arts program with a concentration in computer science. The program contains the fundamentals of computer science which discrete mathematics, structured programming, data structures, programming languages, computer organization, compiler design, and operating systems. The recommended course sequence is as follows:

See page 33 for the distribution requirements of the College of Arts & Science.

freshman year, first semester (14 credit hours)

  • Engl 1 Composition and Literature (3)
  • Math 21 Analytic Geometry and Calculus I (4)
  • CSc 11 Introduction to Computing (4)
  • distribution (3)

freshman year, second semester (14 credit hours)

  • Engl 2 Composition and Literature: Fiction, Drama, Poetry (3)
  • Math 22 Analytic Geometry and Calculus II (4)
  • CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (4)
  • distribution (3)


sophomore year, first semester (16 credit hours)

  • CSc 261 Discrete Structures (3) or
  • Math 243 Algebra (3)
  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)
  • distribution (9)

sophomore year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • Math 43 BMSS Linear Algebra (3)
  • ECE 201 Computer Architecture (3)
  • CSc 109 Systems Programming (3)
  • distribution (6)


junior year, first semester (15 credit hours)

  • CSc 209 Advanced Programming (3)
  • CSc 262 Programming Languages (3)
  • distribution (6)
  • free electives (3)

junior year, second semester (15 credit hours)

  • distribution (6)
  • free electives (9)


senior year, first semester (16 credit hours)

  • CSc 303 Operating System Design (3)
  • CSc 318 Automata and Formal Grammars (3)
  • distribution (3)
  • free electives (7)

senior year, second semester (16 credit hours)

  • CSc 302 Compiler Design (3)
  • distribution (6)
  • free electives (7)

Minor in Computer Science

The minor in computer science provides a concentration which includes software development and programming, and computer organization, and essential elements of computer science. This minor isnot available to students of the Department. The minor is as follows:

  • CSc 11 Introduction to Computing (4)
  • CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (4)
  • ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering (4)

Two CS electives from the following list:

(18 credit hours)

Suggested Programs for Undergraduate EE Students

Technical Electives - Mathematics, Physics and Engineering courses from other departments:

Electrical Engineering students must take a number of "approved technical electives", which are assumed to be mostly within the Electrical Engineering area (see below). The catalog also spells out a set of additional requirements (in a footnote): The student must take yet another Math course, must take yet another Science course, and must take an engineering course in another department. Some suggestions are listed here, with the first choice underlined:

Phys 31, MBio 31, Mat 33, Mech 2, ME 104

Note: Electrical Engineering students are "strongly encouraged" to consider taking Math 208 and Physics 31 (for EE's, these are very important topics). For those who elect to take Math 208, it is recommended that they do so before taking the (required) Math 231 or Math 309 course.

The Major Areas of and Technical Electives in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Within Electrical and Computer Engineering there are a large number of special-interest areas which the student might consider. In fact, the IEEE publishes journals in more than 35 categories, which are briefly described in a pamphlet which accompanies the annual renewal forms for membership. Many of these areas are somewhat "unusual", but there are a number of them which have very broad appeal.

The following is a brief discussion and a grouping of recommended courses in the various areas of concentration in Electrical and Computer Engineering. As a rough guide, courses in the 2XX category assume a Junior-level background, and courses in the 3XX category assume a Senior-level background.

Courses in the 4XX category are graduate-level courses. Very good students may petition to take a few graduate-level courses, subject to a number of conditions. Those conditions are described in chapter 3 in the section on "undergraduate advising topics".

The background courses listed below are those which are very naturally encountered in proceeding through the Electrical and Computer Engineering curricula. They are required courses for graduation. A listing of these background courses and their titles are:

CSc 17 Structured Programming and Data Structures (not required of Electrical Engineers)

CSc 261 Discrete Structures (not required of Electrical Engineers)

CSc 262 Programming Languages (not required of Electrical Engineers)

CSc 303 Operating System Design (not required of Electrical Engineers)

ECE 33 Introduction to Computer Engineering

ECE 81 Principles of Electrical Engineering

ECE 108 Signals and Systems

ECE 216 Software Engineering (not required of Electrical Engineers)

ECE 121 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

ECE 123 Electronic Circuits

ECE 125 Circuits and Systems (not required of Computer Engineers)

ECE 126 Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices (not required of Computer Engineers)

ECE 136 Electromechanics (not required of Computer Engineers)

ECE 138 Digital Systems Laboratory

ECE 201 Computer Architecture (not required of Electrical Engineers)

ECE 202 Introduction to Electromagnetics (not required of Computer Engineers)

ECE 203 Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves (not required of Computer Engineers)

The descriptions below are intended to help the student make informed choices when he/she selects technical electives in this department. There is a need for some caution, though. The bachelor's degree is intended to be a broad-based degree program, and the student should choose a mix of courses in different areas rather than to choose all of the electives from one group. The time to specialize is in an advanced degree program, and not at the BS level.

Analog Instrumentation and Circuit Design

Analog design continues to be an important component in the practice of Electrical Engineering. Data acquisition systems, both linear and nonlinear analog processors, analog to digital converters, analog integrated circuits, and general interfaces between analog and digital systems are all examples of this specialty. Based on the foundation courses in the EE curriculum, the EECS department offers three advanced undergraduate courses for those interested in this area.

The foundation courses are very important in teaching the basic analysis techniques. ECE 81 teaches basic circuit theory, including Kirchhoff's Laws, network equivalence, and basic AC and transient analysis. ECE 123 and its associated lab, ECE 121, continues with the study of diode and transistor networks, small and large signal modeling, and frequency response computations. ECE 108 introduces the student to the duality between time and frequency domain representations for signals, while ECE 125 follows up by applying these techniques to the understanding and solution of electric circuits. Modulation and Sampling theory are also introduced in these latter two courses.

The elective courses listed here reinforce these basics while teaching the advanced techniques involved in the area of analog design. ECE 244 teaches the broad category of filter synthesis, and in particular the classical frequency domain concepts. ECE 355 covers the nonideal properties of operational amplifiers, introducing noise and DC analysis and loop stability issues, and then continues with the detailed study of four-quadrant multipliers and phase locked loops. ECE 332 follows up with more on the practical design of preamplifiers, filters, and equalizers using operational amplifiers. Variable gain circuits, such as OTAs and VCAs, and their uses in AGC and compander networks are discussed. Finally, power supply and power amplifier design are introduced. This group of courses places the student in a position to step right into the modern world of analog design and instrumentation.

Background Courses: ECE 81, 108, 121/123, 125

Elective Courses: ECE 244, 332, 355

Related Courses: ECE 202, 212, 308, 361

Controls - D. Talhlem

Much of the character of today's world is determined by the ability to control energy and information. Control systems are found everywhere about us. Guidance and control of aircraft and spacecraft, control of complex industrial processes such as oil refining and steel-making, and the automatic regulation of voltage and frequency within narrow limits in large power networks are typical control system examples. Microcomputers, minicomputers, or full-scale digital computers are frequently used as control elements. Control concepts are fundamental to the design of components and sub-systems that are the building blocks of the large systems. Moreover, principles of feedback control and system theory are increasingly important in widely divergent fields of economics, business, biology, and political science.

The control area is important and exciting. The opportunities are excellent for well-prepared engineers in this field. Courses that relate to control systems are: Math 208 Complex Analysis, ECE 212 Control Systems, ECE 316 Microcomputer System Design, ECE 343 Digital Signal Processing, ECE 387 Digital Control, ECE 389 Control Systems Lab.

Background Courses: ECE 81, 108, 125; Math 208 recommended

Elective Courses: ECE 212, 387, 389

Digital Circuits - F. Hielscher

At this time, it is becoming quite difficult to avoid the digital world. Digital circuits range in complexity from some fairly simple logic gates to full-blown digital systems such as computers. There are several aspects to this topic: hardware, organization of hardware structures (systems and architectures), and then interaction within and between digital systems, mostly from a theoretical viewpoint. The background for this area are the Sophomore course ECE 33 "Introduction to Computer Engineering" and the Junior course/laboratory ECE 138 "Digital Systems Laboratory".

The most direct contact with the building blocks is in ECE 320, which discusses logic gates and synchronous (clocked) circuit design. On a higher level, but still very much hardware oriented, is ECE 316 on "Microcomputer System Design". On a slightly more general level, but still hardware oriented, is ECE 319 on "Digital System Design". Computer Scientists look at digital systems in a more abstract (mathematical) way, and this view is covered in CSc 261.

Background Courses: ECE 33, 138

Elective Courses: ECE 201, 316, 319, 320; CSc 261

Related Courses: see the area of VLSI Circuits and Systems

Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer Architecture refers to those attributes of a computer system visible to a programmer, such as instruction sets, I/O mechanisms, etc. Computer Organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections to realize the architectural specifications.

The background for this area is ECE 33 "Introduction to Computer Engineering". The major computer architecture and organization issues are covered in ECE 201 "Computer Architecture". Topics in parallel computer architecture are discussed in CSc 375 "Hardware and Software Topics in Parallel Computing".

Related topics fall into 2 categories: hardware and software. The basic computer hardware is described at a low level in ECE 319 and ECE 320. On a higher level is ECE 316 that discusses the design of microcomputer hardware.

Major software issues for managing computer components are covered in CSc 303 "Operating System Design" and CSc 209 "Assembly Language Programming".

Background Courses: ECE 33, CSc 17

Elective Courses: ECE 138, 201, 316, 319

Related Courses: CSc 303, 209, and 375

Communications and Signal Processing - W. Li

The area of communications and signal processing includes all aspects of transmission, processing, storage, and analysis of information. A strong background in systems engineering and applied mathematics is required. Application of communications and signal processing techniques has been prompted by advances in both the mathematical theory and the physical devices. An undergraduate program leading to a concentration in communications and signal processing should consist of courses which stress basic concepts, fundamental principles, and analytical techniques.

The following elective courses are recommended for students desiring a specialization in communications and signal processing: ECE 244 Analog Filters, ECE 342 Communication Theory, ECE 343 Digital Signal Processing, ECE 345 Speech Synthesis and Recognition.

Courses which have a secondary relationship to this area: ECE 201 Computer Architecture, ECE 212 Control Theory, ECE 319 Digital System Design, ECE 320 Logic Design, ECE 387 Digital Control.

Background Courses: ECE 81, 108, 121/123, 125

Elective Courses: ECE 244, 342, 343, 345

Related Courses: ECE 201, ECE 212, ECE 319, ECE 320, ECE 387

Microelectronics (Device Physics and IC Technology) - F. Hielscher

The term "microelectronics" originally referred to the technology of integrated circuit fabrication (ECE 351). But in recent years this term has been broadened, largely due to advertising hype, to encompass even something as basic as simple electronic circuit design. We will strike a compromise here by including in this grouping the study of semiconductor physics for the devices used in integrated circuits (ECE 308). Both ECE 351 and ECE 308 provide a broad but very good undergraduate coverage of their respective areas, and both require an understanding of ECE 126. For courses involving the design of integrated circuits, see the grouping below on VLSI.

ECE 351 is heavily concerned with topics which are not generally considered to be within the realm of electrical engineering. However, it is exactly this technology which is used in creating integrated circuits. The course includes such topics as the diffusion of impurities to create doped regions, the oxidation of silicon to create SiO2 layers, photolithography to create the geometry of the devices, and many other essential technologies.

ECE 308 takes a much more detailed look than ECE 126 at the device physics, and at modeling device behavior. Important topics are carrier statistics, solutions to Poisson's and the continuity equations, and detailed descriptions of pn junctions, and of bipolar and field-effect transistors. This course leads to a good understanding of the devices used in integrated circuits, and provides a foundation for understanding future advances in this area. As an important note, ECE 308 is a prerequisite for most of the 47x series of graduate courses in IC design.

A more specialized undergraduate course in the microelectronics area is ECE 303 (which is cross-listed as Mat 323). It emphasizes the role of defects in semiconductor materials.

Background Courses: ECE 123, 126

Elective Courses: ECE 303, 308, 351

Related Courses: ECE 361, 362

VLSI Circuits and Systems Design - F. Hielscher

These two courses discuss the design of digital CMOS (complementary MOS) integrated circuits, and are somewhat unique among the optional course offerings in the fact that they comprise a 2-hours/week lecture plus 3-hours/week laboratory work in the VLSI Design Automation Laboratory. In each of these courses, a number of the designs are fabricated through the MOSIS foundry program, with funds obtained from the National Science Foundation.

ECE 361 (VLSI circuit design) involves the custom layout of integrated circuits, leading to mask patterns for fabrication. There is a heavy emphasis on the use of design and simulation aids to check for correctness of the design and for predicting the performance of the circuit via SPICE. Most frequently, the designs involve between 10 and 100 transistors. The background for this course is ECE 123.

ECE 362 (VLSI system design) discusses the design of much more complex CMOS integrated circuits. Due to time constraints in one semester, this usually leads to circuits containing only 5000 to 10000 transistors, which is just barely of VLSI complexity. The design methodology involves schematic capture, followed by functional simulation and timing prediction. The physical design (final implementation) is done mostly via software, with some hands-on interaction. The background for this course are ECE 138 and ECE 361.

Courses which closely relate to the area of VLSI systems design: ECE 201 Computer Architecture, ECE 319 Digital System Design, ECE 320 Logic Design.

Background Courses: ECE 123, 138

Elective Courses: ECE 361, 362

Related Courses: see the areas of Digital Circuits and of VLSI.

Microwaves and Optoelectronics - D. Christodoulides

At Lehigh, one of the areas of concentration in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science is that of Electromagnetics. Students who intend to pursue careers in the fields of Microwaves, Antenna Theory, Lightwave-Fiber Optics, Theory of Optoelectronic Devices and in Power Systems are strongly encouraged to take courses in this area. The two courses that are most important in preparing students for the more advanced topics in this area are ECE 202 and ECE 203. These two courses are expected to provide a strong basis in electromagnetic theory, and are considered core courses for EE undergraduates. Prerequisites for ECE 202 and ECE 203 are Math 205 and Phys 21.

During their senior year, undergraduate students will be in position to take a number of elective courses in this area. At the undergraduate level, the EECS Department offers the following electives: ECE 348 Lightwave Technology, ECE 346 Microwave Circuits and Techniques, ECE 254 Microwave/Lightwave Laboratory. At the graduate level the following courses are available: ECE 407 Linear and Nonlinear Optics, ECE 444 Microwave Devices, ECE 454 Theory of Optoelectronic Devices, ECE 463 Design of Microwave Solid State Circuits. Courses offered by other departments such as Phys 352, Phys 355 are also recommended.

Background Courses: ECE 202, 203

Elective Courses: ECE 254, 346, 348; Physics 355

Power Systems Engineering - D. Talhelm

We are all consumers of electric power and power issues are always in the news -- utility rates, solar magnetic disturbances, controversy over nuclear plants, acid rain, cogeneration, etc.. The study of power systems considers these issues as well as the technical details of the major components--- generation, transmission, distribution and load.

Power systems involves the engineering design and planning of the system as well as the marketing, forecasting and economic factors affecting the system. In addition to the public utility industry, manufacturers of supporting equipment, consultants and large industrial plants which operate their own local power networks need the knowledge of power systems.

The study of power systems includes the study of transmission lines, network modeling, parameter calculations, fault calculations and stability considerations. In addition engineering economics and issues of economic dispatch are important elements.

Background courses: ECE 81, 108, 125, 136

Elective courses: ECE 212, 233, 234

Related Courses: ECE 387, 389, IE 124, ME 104, ME 360

Elective Course Matrix for Students in Electrical and Computer Engineering:

Ratings 1 = absolutely essential
2 = very desirable
3 = good to have
4 = of some value
5 = of negligible value

Key:
A= Analog Instrumentation & Circuit Design

B= Controls

C = Digital Circuits

D = Communications & S i g n a l Processing

E = Microelectronics

F = V L S I Circuits & a m p ; Systems

G = Microwaves & Optoelectronics

H = Power Systems Engineering

I = Computer Architecture & Organization

                A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I

    CSc  17     4    3    3    3    4    4    4    4    1
    CSc 209     5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    2
    CSc 241     5    4    4    4    4    4    4    4    4
    CSc 261     5    5    1    3    5    3    5    5    1
    CSc 303     5    4    4    4    5    3    5    5    1
    CSc 375     5    5    3    5    5    5    5    5    2
    ECE 216     4    3    3    3    4    4    4    3    2
    ECE 125     1    1    1    1    2    2    4    1    1
    ECE 126     2    4    2    3    1    2    2    4    2
    ECE 136     2    2    2    4    4    5    2    1    4
    ECE 201     4    4    2    2    5    3    5    5    1
    ECE 202     2    2    2    2    2    3    1    1    4
    ECE 203     2    4    2    2    2    3    1    2    4
    ECE 212     2    1    3    3    5    4    4    1    3
    ECE 233     4    4    5    5    5    5    4    1    5
    ECE 234     5    4    5    5    5    5    5    1    5
    ECE 244     1    2    3    1    5    4    4    5    3
    ECE 254     2    4    2    2    4    4    1    5    4
    ECE 303     5    5    5    5    2    2    5    5    5
    ECE 308     2    4    3    3    1    1    3    5    3
    ECE 316     3    3    1    2    4    3    5    4    1
    ECE 319     3    3    1    3    5    3    5    5    1
    ECE 320     4    3    1    2    5    2    5    5    1
    ECE 332     1    3    2    3    4    4    5    5    3
    ECE 342     2    3    3    1    5    4    2    4    2
    ECE 343     2    2    2    1    5    4    5    5    2
    ECE 345     3    4    3    1    5    4    5    5    4
    ECE 346     2    5    4    2    5    4    1    5    4
    ECE 348     3    5    3    3    2    4    1    5    3
    ECE 351     5    5    5    5    1    1    5    5    4
    ECE 355     1    3    2    3    4    4    5    5    3
    ECE 361     2    5    2    2    1    1    5    5    3
    ECE 362     3    5    3    3    2    1    5    5    3
    ECE 387     4    1    2    3    5    5    5    2    3
    ECE 389     3    1    3    3    5    4    5    2    4



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